Theory of Color
 
There are two ways to create a color: addition and subtraction.  Neon lights are mainly additive--they create light by gasseous discharge of neon gas or mercury vapor, most of the time in conjunction with a phosphor layer.  This allows for an almost limitless possibility of colors.
 
Subtraction is also used to obtain very saturated, deep hues.  This is done two ways: by a filter layer of a colored ceramic between the glass and phosphor layer, or by using colored glass tubing.
 
By using both additive and subtractive colors, we can create just about any color you desire!